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Objective@#To investigate the status of electronic cigarette use among adolescents in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and to provide evidence for tobacco control in adolescents. @*Methods@# Based on the 2019 National Youth Tobacco Epidemic Monitoring Program, multistage proportional sampling method was used to select middle school students from Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. A questionnaire revised by Chinese CDC was used to collect the general information, the cognition and use of electronic cigarettes, and the access to advertising of electronic cigarettes and related products.@*Results@#Totally 9 019 questionnaires were distributed, 8 401 valid ones were recovered, and the response rate was 93.2%. The rates of electronic cigarette use and attempt among students were 4.3% and 13.4%. The rates of electronic cigarette use and attempt in male students were 7.7% and 22.9%, which were higher than that in female students (0.8% and 3.8%, P<0.05) . The rates of electronic cigarette use and attempt varied in different schools ( P<0.05 ), which were higher in vocational high school students ( 11.5% and 26.8% ). Among 246 students who used electronic cigarettes, 30.1% did not thought electronic cigarettes contained nicotine, while 60.2% did not know whether electronic cigarettes contain nicotine. In the past 30 days, 27.0% of the students had seen the advertisements of electronic cigarettes and related products, mainly through TV, store, supermarket, convenience store, grocery store, electronic cigarette experience store or retail store.@*Conclusions@#The rates of electronic cigarette use and attempt among adolescents in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region are 4.3% and 13.4%. Boys and vocational high school students have higher rates. Students generally know electronic cigarette and have more access to it.
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Objective:To investigate the role of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) in berberine (BBR) mediated-inhibition of microglial activation.Methods:The combination of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) activated N9 microglia to mimic neuroinflammation. The cells were divided into control group, simulated neuroinflammation group (10 ng/ml LPS+ 10 U/ml IFN-γ), BBR treatment group (1 μmol/L BBR+ LPS/IFN-γ), SOCS1-siRNA treatment group (SOCS1-siRNA+ BBR+ LPS/IFN-γ), and scrambled siRNA treatment group (SC-siRNA+ BBR+ LPS/IFN-γ). After incubation for 24 h, the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in cell culture medium were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Immunocytochemical method was used to observe cell morphology and iNOS expression.Results:Compared with the control group, LPS/IFN-γ significantly increased the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the medium, up-regulated the expression levels of iNOS and NF-κB (all P<0.05), and increased the volume of microglia. 1 μmol/L-BBR significantly inhibited the release of TNF-α and IL-6 from microglia, decreased the expression levels of iNOS and NF-κB (all P<0.05), and improved cell morphology. SOCS1-siRNA significantly reversed the inhibitory effect of BBR on microglia activation (all P<0.05). Conclusions:BBR may inhibit LPS and IFN-γ-induced microglial activation through SOCS1 molecule.
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Objective:To observe the effect of Wendantang on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-6,IL-17,IL-22 and other related inflammatory factors in peripheral blood and the expression of STAT3[the key molecule of Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(JAK2/STAT3) signal pathway in hypothalamus] mRNA and protein of obese rats with syndrome of phlegm-dampness,so as to explore the internal mechanism of Wendantang in interfering obesity with syndrome of phlegm-dampness. Method:A total of 100 rats were randomly divided into blank group(30 rats) and modeling group(70 rats),rats in the blank group was fed with basic feed and the modeling group was fed with high-fat feed for 6 weeks.Animal model of obesity with syndrome of phlegm-dampness was established by the method in literature.After successful modeling,16 obese rats were selected and randomly divided into the model group and Wendantang intervention group with 8 rats in each group,and another 8 rats in the blank group were randomly selected as the normal group.Rats in Wendantang intervention group were given 15 g·kg-1 of crude drug by gavage,while the model group and the normal group were given the same amount of distilled water for gavage once a day for 6 weeks.No eating but no prohibiting drinking before dealing with 12 h and then taking samples after anesthesia.The body weight,Lee's index and obesity rate of rats were measured,the levels of blood lipids[total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)] of rats were detected with a full-automatic biochemical analyzer according to the requirements of the kit,the expression of TNF-α,IL-17,IL-22 and IL-6 in peripheral blood of rats was detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),STAT3 mRNA expression in hypothalamus of rats was detected with real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(Real-time PCR) and the expression of STAT3 protein in hypothalamus of rats was detected with Western blot. Result:The high-fat feed feeding could successfully replicate the obese rat model,and the obesity rate of rats in the modeling group was greater than 20%,and compared with the blank group,the body weight and Lee's index of rats in the modeling group were significantly increased(PPPPPPPPPPPConclusion:Wendantang has a good effect on improving phlegm-dampness in obese rats,and the mechanism may be related to regulating JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway then to improve the chronic inflammatory state of the body,and all of which provides a scientific basis for Wendantang in intervening obesity with syndrome of phlegm-dampness.
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Objective To investigate the effects of rapamycin on human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) against high glucose-induced oxidative stress.Methods A oxidative damage model of HLECs induced by high glucose was established,and intervention with different concentrations of rapamycin for the cells was performed for detecting the survival rate by CCK-8 assay,observing cell morphology by inverted microscope,and measuring the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) by H2DCFDA staining,as well as determining the expression of apoptosis related Bcl-2 and Bax proteins by Western blot in all groups.Results CCK-8 results showed that the survival rate of HLECs was increased to 62.00％ ± 3.74％ and 79.57％ ± 5.26％ after treated with 10 nmol · L-1 and 100 nmol · L 1 rapamycin,and the difference was statistically significant when compared with the high glucose group (42.32％ ± 3.10％) (all P ＜ 0.05);H2DCFDA fluorescent probe staining demonstrated that rapamycin could suppress ROS generation in HLECs and alleviate oxidative damage to cells;besides,rapamycin could downregulate the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax protein in HLECs and the inhibitory effects were positively correlated with the concentration of rapamycin.Conclusion Rapamycin can inhibit high glucose-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis m human HLECs,which provides a prevention effect for diabetic cataract.
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Purpose To investigate the relationship of HIF-1α,BCL-2 and clinicopathological features in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma by detecting the levels of two proteins.Methods Immunohistochemical of SP staining assay was used to detect the level of HIF-1α and BCL-2 expression in fifty-six section from primary resection of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma.Furthermore,the correlation between the expressions of two proteins with clinical data was evaluated through differently statistical analysis.Results Thirty-six samples (64.3％) were found to express HIF-1α.The level of HIF-1α was significantly correlated with TNM stage of tumors and the primary site of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (P ＜ 0.05).Positive BCL-2 expression was detected in fifty-five cases (98.2％).The level of HIF-1 α was positively correlated with that of BCL-2 (P ＜ 0.05)and the significant correlation between HIF-1α and TNM stage was dependent upon the strong expression of BCL-2 (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion It is therefore indicated that the expression of HIF1α and BCL-2 may influence the clinical stage of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma.